By: Peter Lais
Peer Reviewed
A run-in period (“run-in”) is a pre-randomization phase in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which participants receive a placebo, investigational intervention, or other therapies to assess adherence, tolerability, and placebo responsiveness. Those who demonstrate nonadherence, intolerance of side …
By: Allen Fu
Ischemic stroke, defined by the extended loss of cerebral blood flow due to vessel occlusion, affected 77 million individuals, caused 63 million disability adjusted life-years, and caused 3.3 …
By: Richard Ni
Peer Reviewed
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that remains underrecognized compared to coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). While myocardial infarction and stroke are widely known …
By Madeline Kowalski
Peer Reviewed
A 91-year-old woman with no chronic illness,1 who until recently lived independently, developed rapidly progressive dementia and ataxia over several months. A paraneoplastic syndrome was suspected, yet an extensive workup revealed no malignancy. MRI revealed multifocal white-matter lesions, …
By: David Willett
Peer reviewed
The story of the pacemaker begins in 1918 in New York City, where Dr. Albert Hyman spent years following his residency studying …
By: Lauren Maytin
Peer Reviewed
Evolutionary theory, much like medical practice, is governed by tradeoffs. In an ideal world, an environmental challenge would be met with a corresponding adaptation perfectly suited to the …
By Ella Feiner
Peer Reviewed
In a world abundant with food and sedentary lifestyles, the global prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has reached alarming levels. Nearly half of Americans grapple with conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and …
By Enoch Jiang
Peer Reviewed
“Counseled patient on diet and lifestyle.†Over the past few weeks on my Ambulatory Care rotation, this phrase has rapidly shot to the top of my internal gestalt …